Тамильское значение:West Indian pea-tree, Sesbania grandiflora
Малаялам:akatti
Малаяльское значение:Sesbania grandiflora
Каннада:akace, agace, agase, agise
Каннада значение:tree with large scarlet flowers, Sesbania (or Aeschynomene) grandiflora Poir.
Тулу:agase-mara
Тулу значение:Agati grandiflora
Комментарии:Only an old inlaut cluster can account for the correspondences between Tamil and Kannada; the cluster is clearly seen in the Old Indian borrowing agasti-. Some of the Kannada forms (or even all of them) may actually be borrowed from Telugu, which would still leave us with the same correspondence, but between Tamil and Telugu.
Каннада производные:agaẓ what has been dug; agaẓte digging, pit, ditch; agaẓata, agaẓate digging, ditch, moat; agalte ditch, moat; agi, age to dig, burrow, make a hole in the ground
Тулу:agarụ, agaḷụ
Тулу значение:ditch, trench, moat
Тулу производные:(B-K.) agate overturning the soil by spade
Тамильские производные:ai adj. in some cpds.; aim-patu, am-patu fifty; aiñ-ñūr_u, ain-nūr_u 500; aivar five persons, the five Pāṇḍavas; aiy-aintu, aiv-aintu by fives; five fives
Малаялам:añcu
Малаяльское значение:five
Малаяльские производные:am-patu fifty; añ-ñūr_u 500; ai adj. in some cpds.; aiy-āyiram 5000; aiy-āṇṭu five years; aivar five persons; aiy-añcu by fives
Каннада:ay(i)du
Каннада значение:five
Каннада производные:ay adj. in some cpds.; ay-vattu fifty; ay-nūr_u 500; ayvar, aybaru five persons
Кодагу:añji
Кодагу значение:five
Кодагу производные:añjane fifth; aym-badɨ fifty; añ-ñūrɨ 500; ayy āṇḍɨ five years; ayy-añji by fives; ayvë five persons (in songs); ayyak ëttɨ five pairs of bullocks
Тулу:ainụ
Тулу значение:five (things)
Тулу производные:ainane fifth; ai adj. in some cpds.; ai-nūdu 500; aiva fifty; aiverụ, aiyerụ five persons; aikoḷu, aivoḷu five times
Комментарии:A Tamil-Malaylam isogloss. Connection with *ā̆m- 'water' is hardly likely (unless Tam. ām is a contraction from ayam, which is hardly a common development).
Тамильское значение:father, sage, priest, teacher, brahman, superior person, master, king
Тамильские производные:ayyā father, respectable man; aiyar men worthy of respect, sages, brahmans, title of smārta brahmans, etc.; tam-aiyan_ elder brother or parallel male cousin; numaiyan_ your elder brother; ai lord, master, husband, king, guru, priest, teacher, father
Комментарии:Just like *t-and-, this root commonly refers to 'father' as an honourable mention. The original meaning differentiation may have been preserved in Kodagu, where appë = 'father', while ayyë = 'father's brother, male cousin'; none of the other languages present an equally clear picture. The only common PSDR stem is the one in *-n (*ajja-n, pl. *ajja-r).
Комментарии:Kittel's forms with initial n- do not fit into the picture at all from a strictly phonetic point of view (the fact that *ń- is regularly eliminated in some positions in some Dravidian languages does not mean that we can easily correlate any two Kannaḍa dialectal variants with and without the initial nasal). They are rather to be compared with similar Tamil roots like naccu 'tease, vex, trouble'.
Номер по DED:0190
Праюжно-дравидийский:*ajjā
Значение:exclamation
Тамильский:aiya
Тамильское значение:excl. of wonder; excl. of pity, concern
Тамильские производные:aiyakō excl. of pity, sorrow; ai wonder, astonishment; aiy-en_al uttering ai expressive of wonder, of distress or mental suffering, of assent; aiyaiyō excl. of pity or grief; aiyō excl. of wonder; excl. of pity, concern; excl. of poignant grief
Малаялам:ayyā
Малаяльское значение:interj. of derision
Малаяльские производные:ayyō, ayyayyō interj. of pain, grief
Комментарии:Expressive interjection, for some reason grouped together with *ajja- 'father' in DEDR.
Номер по DED:0196
Праюжно-дравидийский:*ajkaḷai
Значение:cockroach
Каннада:akkaḷe
Каннада значение:cockroach
Тулу:ekkale, ekkalu
Тулу значение:cockroach
Разное:Also KOR hakkaḷa id.
Комментарии:Inlaut *-jk- is provisionally reconstructed on the basis of initial e- in Tulu, unexplainable otherwise.
Номер по DED:0022
Праюжно-дравидийский:*akakāj
Значение:asunder
Тамильский:akkakkāy
Тамильское значение:asunder
Тулу:akkakka, akkoḷu
Тулу значение:n. part; adv. asunder
Комментарии:Onomatopoeic.
Номер по DED:0019
Праюжно-дравидийский:*akar_ai (?)
Значение:necessity
Тамильский:akkar_ai, akkarai
Тамильское значение:concern, interest, need, necessity
Каннада:akkar_e
Каннада значение:want, necessity, need
Комментарии:Burrow & Emeneau give this root a separate entry in DEDR but it is almost certainly the same as Kan. aẓkar_, akkar_e, akkar_a "love, affection" (DEDR 281). The Tamil form is then Kannaḍa in origin.
Номер по DED:0021
Праюжно-дравидийский:*akaǯa
Значение:wonder
Каннада:akkaja, aẓkaja
Каннада значение:wonder, surprise; a wonderful thing
Комментарии:An expressive root, also found in Telugu and Kui but certainly not reliable.
Комментарии:Burrow & Emeneau suggest borrowing from Skt. agni-.
Номер по DED:0026
Праюжно-дравидийский:*akil-
Значение:confusion, fear
Тамильский:akkili-pikkili
Тамильское значение:confusion, confusion of mind (loc.)
Каннада:akkuḷisu
Каннада значение:to fear, flinch, withdraw
Комментарии:An expressive root.
Номер по DED:0025
Праюжно-дравидийский:*akir_-
Значение:dandruff
Тамильский:acar_u
Тамильское значение:dandruff, scurf; scab in sheep and goats
Тамильские производные:ayar_u excrescence resulting from a sore; akir a kind of scurf
Каннада:agaru, hagaru, adaru, aduru
Каннада значение:dandruff
Комментарии:An interesting case of inlaut palatalisation in Tamil (the original variant is still seen in the dial. form akir). The original vowel in the 2nd syllable is obviously *-i-, otherwise there would be no reason for palatalisation in Tamil; variants with -a- are secondary by assimilation with the anlaut a-.
Тамильское значение:(1 sg. allē̆ṇ, 1 pl. allēm, 2 sg. allai, 2 pl. allir, 3 sg. m. allan_, 3 pl. m. allar, 3 sg. f. allaḷ, 3 sg. neut. an_r_u, 3 pl. neut. alla; alla is used in mod. Tamil for all persons and numbers) to be not so-and-so
Тамильские производные:allatu evil, sin; or, if not, or else; allavai sin, evil, uselessness; allāta which is not, different from; allāmal, allāl, an_r_i, an_r_iyil except, besides; an_mai negation of identity, reciprocal negation; evil
Малаялам:alla
Малаяльское значение:is not that, not thus
Малаяльские производные:allātē else, otherwise, except; allāykil if not
Каннада:alla
Каннада значение:(for all persons and numbers; also 3 sg. neut. alladu,altu) to be not so-and-so, be not fit or proper
Каннада производные:allada being not so or that, being not proper
Кодагу:alla
Кодагу значение:(for all persons and numbers) to be not so-and-so
